DISFUNCIÓN DEL NERVIO FEMORAL
Gentileza de Claudine Goze Weber/traductor Google
Nombres alternativos Neuropatía - nervio femoral, neuropatía
femoral Definición de disfunción del nervio femoral: Disfunción del nervio
femoral es una pérdida de movimiento o sensibilidad en la pierna debido a daño
del nervio. Véase también: neuropatía periférica, mononeuropatía, mononeuritis
múltiplex Causas, incidencia y factores de riesgo: El nervio femoral está
localizado en la pierna. Se inerva los músculos que ayudan a extender la
rodilla. Se proporciona la sensibilidad (sensación) a la parte frontal del
muslo y la parte inferior de la pierna. Un nervio está hecho de muchas fibras,
llamadas axones, rodeado por un aislamiento, llamado vaina de mielina. Daño a
un nervio tal como el nervio femoral es denomina mononeuropatía. La
mononeuropatía generalmente significa que hay una causa local del daño al
nervio, aunque los trastornos que involucran todo el cuerpo (trastornos
sistémicos) también pueden causar daño aislado al nervio (como ocurre con la
mononeuritis múltiple). Las causas más frecuentes de disfunción del nervio
femoral son una lesión directa ( trauma), presión prolongada sobre el nervio y
compresión del nervio por partes cercanas del cuerpo o estructuras relacionadas
con la enfermedad (como un tumor). La presión prolongada puede conducir a una
falta de oxígeno porque hay una disminución del flujo sanguíneo (isquemia) en
el área. Esta falta de oxígeno puede provocar complicaciones adicionales.
atrapamiento implica presión sobre el nervio al pasar a través de una
estructura estrecha (por ejemplo, a medida que pasa a través de un músculo). El
daño comprende destrucción del aislamiento alrededor del nervio (vaina de
mielina) o destrucción de una parte de las fibras mismas (el axón). Este daño
retarda o impide el paso de los impulsos nerviosos a través del nervio. El
nervio femoral se puede lesionar debido a fracturas de huesos de la pelvis. Se
puede lesionar cuando se coloca un catéter en la arteria de la ingle (arteria
femoral), que se encuentra al lado del nervio. Puede ser uno de muchos nervios
afectados por enfermedades que ocasionan daño a los nervios generalizado
(polineuropatía), tales como la diabetes. También puede ser dañado por la
presión de tumores, abscesos o sangrado interno dentro de la pelvis o el
abdomen. Un factor de riesgo común es permanecer acostado sobre la espalda con
los muslos y las piernas flexionadas ("litotomía") durante
procedimientos quirúrgicos o de diagnóstico. Las ramas del nervio femoral se
puede comprimir por cinturones apretados o pesados. En algunos casos, no se
puede encontrar la causa. daño del nervio femoral daño del nervio femoral *
Fecha de revisión: 12/21/2009 * David C. Dugdale, III, MD, Profesor de
Medicina, División de Medicina General, Departamento de Medicina, Universidad
de Washington Escuela de Medicina; Daniel B. Hoch, PhD, MD, Assistant Professor
of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Departamento de Neurología, Hospital
General de Massachusetts. También revisado por David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical
Director, ADAM, Inc. Referencias Misulis KE. Inferior de la espalda y dolor en
las extremidades. En: Bradley WG, RB Daroff, GM Fenichel, Jakovic J, eds.
Neurología en la Práctica Clínica. 5 ª ed. Philadelphia, Pa,
Butterworth-Heinemann, 2008: cap 33. Artículos relacionados * Neuropatía
periférica * mononeuropatía * Sistémico * La mononeuritis múltiple * Tumor * La
mielina * Diabetes * La poliarteritis nodosa * Absceso
Femoral nerve dysfunction
Alternative Names
Neuropathy - femoral nerve; Femoral neuropathy
Definition of Femoral nerve dysfunction:
Femoral nerve dysfunction is a loss of movement or sensation in the leg due to nerve damage.
See also: Peripheral neuropathy; Mononeuropathy; Mononeuritis multiplex
Causes, incidence, and risk factors:
The femoral nerve is located in the leg. It supplies the muscles that help straighten the leg. It provides feeling (sensation) to the front of the thigh and part of the lower leg.
A nerve is made up of many fibers, called axons, surrounded by insulation, called the myelin sheath.
Damage to a nerve such as the femoral nerve is called mononeuropathy. Mononeuropathy usually means there is a local cause of the nerve damage, although disorders that involve the entire body (systemic disorders) can also cause isolated nerve damage (such as occurs with mononeuritis multiplex).
The usual causes of femoral nerve dysfunction are direct injury (trauma), prolonged pressure on the nerve, and compression of the nerve by nearby parts of the body or disease-related structures (such as a tumor). Prolonged pressure may lead to a lack of oxygen because there is decreased blood flow (ischemia) in the area. This lack of oxygen can cause further complications.
Entrapment involves pressure on the nerve where it passes through a narrow structure (for example, as it passes through a muscle). The damage includes destruction of the insulation around the nerve (the myelin sheath) or destruction of part of the fibers themselves (the axon). This damage slows or prevents nerve impulses from passing through the nerve.
The femoral nerve can be injured due to breaking bones of the pelvis. It can be injured when a catheter is placed in the artery in the groin (femoral artery), which lies next to the nerve. It can be one of many nerves affected by diseases causing widespread nerve damage (polyneuropathy), such as diabetes. It also can be damaged by pressure from tumors, abscesses, or internal bleeding into the pelvis or abdomen.
One common risk factor is lying on the back with the thighs and legs flexed ("lithotomy" position) during surgery or diagnostic procedures. Branches of the femoral nerve can be compressed by tight or heavy waist belts. In some cases, no cause can be found.
Femoral nerve damage
Femoral nerve damage
* Reviewed last on: 12/21/2009
* David C. Dugdale, III, MD, Professor of Medicine, Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine; Daniel B. Hoch, PhD, MD, Assistant Professor of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.
References
Misulis KE. Lower Back and Lower Limb Pain. In: Bradley WG, Daroff RB, Fenichel GM, Jakovic J, eds. Neurology in Clinical Practice. 5th ed. Philadelphia, Pa; Butterworth-Heinemann; 2008: chap 33.
Related Articles
* Peripheral neuropathy
* Mononeuropathy
* Systemic
* Mononeuritis multiplex
* Tumor
* Myelin
* Diabetes
* Polyarteritis nodosa
* Abscess
Alternative Names
Neuropathy - femoral nerve; Femoral neuropathy
Definition of Femoral nerve dysfunction:
Femoral nerve dysfunction is a loss of movement or sensation in the leg due to nerve damage.
See also: Peripheral neuropathy; Mononeuropathy; Mononeuritis multiplex
Causes, incidence, and risk factors:
The femoral nerve is located in the leg. It supplies the muscles that help straighten the leg. It provides feeling (sensation) to the front of the thigh and part of the lower leg.
A nerve is made up of many fibers, called axons, surrounded by insulation, called the myelin sheath.
Damage to a nerve such as the femoral nerve is called mononeuropathy. Mononeuropathy usually means there is a local cause of the nerve damage, although disorders that involve the entire body (systemic disorders) can also cause isolated nerve damage (such as occurs with mononeuritis multiplex).
The usual causes of femoral nerve dysfunction are direct injury (trauma), prolonged pressure on the nerve, and compression of the nerve by nearby parts of the body or disease-related structures (such as a tumor). Prolonged pressure may lead to a lack of oxygen because there is decreased blood flow (ischemia) in the area. This lack of oxygen can cause further complications.
Entrapment involves pressure on the nerve where it passes through a narrow structure (for example, as it passes through a muscle). The damage includes destruction of the insulation around the nerve (the myelin sheath) or destruction of part of the fibers themselves (the axon). This damage slows or prevents nerve impulses from passing through the nerve.
The femoral nerve can be injured due to breaking bones of the pelvis. It can be injured when a catheter is placed in the artery in the groin (femoral artery), which lies next to the nerve. It can be one of many nerves affected by diseases causing widespread nerve damage (polyneuropathy), such as diabetes. It also can be damaged by pressure from tumors, abscesses, or internal bleeding into the pelvis or abdomen.
One common risk factor is lying on the back with the thighs and legs flexed ("lithotomy" position) during surgery or diagnostic procedures. Branches of the femoral nerve can be compressed by tight or heavy waist belts. In some cases, no cause can be found.
Femoral nerve damage
Femoral nerve damage
* Reviewed last on: 12/21/2009
* David C. Dugdale, III, MD, Professor of Medicine, Division of General Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine; Daniel B. Hoch, PhD, MD, Assistant Professor of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital. Also reviewed by David Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director, A.D.A.M., Inc.
References
Misulis KE. Lower Back and Lower Limb Pain. In: Bradley WG, Daroff RB, Fenichel GM, Jakovic J, eds. Neurology in Clinical Practice. 5th ed. Philadelphia, Pa; Butterworth-Heinemann; 2008: chap 33.
Related Articles
* Peripheral neuropathy
* Mononeuropathy
* Systemic
* Mononeuritis multiplex
* Tumor
* Myelin
* Diabetes
* Polyarteritis nodosa
* Abscess
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